Description
Ilija Petrović
Dušanov zakonik je nedovoljno izučavan i nedovoljno shvaćen. Oni koji su se bavili prikazivanjem zakonika uviđali su da je rađen na osnovu običajnog prava, ali se nisu upuštali u objašnjenje kojeg i kakvog običajnog prava. Ako već postoji običajno pravo kod jednog naroda onda se mora razumeti da je ono zasnovano na posebnim shvatanjima prava i pravde kod tog naroda, čiji su koreni vrlo stari. Tačno je da je Dušanov Zakonik rađen na osnovu srbskog običajnog prava i dopunjen crkvenim pravom.
Car Dušan je staro običajno pravo kod Srba uredio kao državno zakonodavstvo za tadašnju državu Srbiju.
Time je Srbija postala pravna država u modernom smislu poimanja organizovanja države.
Dušan’s Code (Serbian: Душанов законик, Dušanov zakonik, known historically as Закон благовјернаго цара Стефана) is a compilation of several legal systems that was enacted by Stefan Uroš IV Dušan of Serbia in 1349. It was used in the Serbian Empire and the succeeding Serbian Despotate. It is considered an early constitution, or close to it; an advanced set of laws which regulated all aspects of life.
On 16 April 1346 (Easter), Dušan convoked a huge assembly at Skopje, attended by the Serbian Archbishop Joanikije II, the Archbishop of Ochrid Nikolaj I, the Bulgarian Patriarch Simeon and various religious leaders of Mount Athos. The assembly and clerics agreed on, and then ceremonially performed the raising of the autocephalous Serbian Archbishopric to the status of Serbian Patriarchate.[1] The Archbishop from then on was titled Serbian Patriarch, although one documents called him Patriarch of Serbs and Greeks, with the seat at the Monastery of Peć.[1] The first Serbian Patriarch Joanikije II now solemnly crowned Dušan as “Emperor and autocrat of Serbs and Romans” (Greek Bασιλεὺς καὶ αὐτoκράτωρ Σερβίας καὶ Pωμανίας).[1]
